Rising Temperatures Affect Mount Kenya Residents

On the 14th of this month, I posted regarding house flies being seen at Mount Everest base camp due to global warming; and, how climate change was destroying the glaciers in the area.

Mount Everest base camp has its house flies; and, now Mount Kenya has malaria-bearing mosquitoes.

Photo courtesy TreeHugger.

TreeHugger tells us:

In its most recent report released in April, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) cautioned that rising temperatures would likely result in "the altered spatial distribution of some infectious disease vectors" and other "mixed effects, such as the decrease or increase of the range and transmission potential of malaria in Africa."

Stephen Morse, a professor at Columbia University, noted at the 107th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology that "environmental changes have always been associated with the appearance of new diseases or the arrival of old diseases in new places." David Rogers of Oxford University, who also spoke at the meeting, explained that the diseases that are most likely to be affected by environmental changes are those carried by insects and ticks. What isn't clear, he added, is whether the diseases would increase or decrease, an uncertainty he ascribed to the lack of a thorough analysis of historical disease record and the need for present-day ground-based surveillance and good predictive models.

Based on current and projected figures, Morse predicted that rising global temperatures would exert a profound impact on the spread of malaria by facilitating the migration of disease vectors, such as mosquitoes, to altitudes that had originally been too cold to support them. "One of the first indicators of rising global temperatures could be malaria climbing mountains," says Morse.

Insect-borne diseases are not limited to third-world countries. Below is a map of the United States showing the spread of dengue fever.

Image courtesy NRDC

Just a few months ago the NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) released a report showing how half of the states in the US already have mosquitoes that carry dengue fever. Again, courtesy of global warming.

Maldavian Cabinet Pulls Creative Attention-Getting Stunt

Photo courtesy Maldivesonlineguide.

The Maldives chain of coral reef islands is southwest of Sri Lanka in the Indian Ocean. The many coral reef islands, 1,190 in total, form an archipelago of 26 natural atolls. An atoll is a ring of coral islands and reefs that nearly or entirely enclose a lagoon. The 26 atolls are organized into 19 administrative atolls with the capital island of Male' having the distinction of being the sole component of the twentieth division.

Situated on the equator, the Maldives are a jewel sparkling in the Indian Ocean; and, attract hundreds of thousands of tourists a year. They are a favourite destination of scuba divers, snorkelers, and water enthusiasts the world over.

And they are sinking!

A single boat seemingly floats in midair on the beautiful crystal clear beaches in the Republic of Maldives in the Indian Ocean. In the background is an island that has now been split into two pieces. The section in the middle is now underwater. Photo courtesy funonthenet.

As any of my regular friends will tell you, I absolutely adore creativity and feel that most problems can be solved without violence of any kind – verbal, physical or emotional.

The people of the Republic of Maldives have long thought that enough attention is not being paid to their plight. Since the republic averages a mere 7’ (2.1 meters) above sea level, the spring tides have repeatedly washed over the land leaving the soil that used to support vegetable gardens and fruit orchards salty and unable to sustain plant life. Some coconut trees are still standing; but, they are falling over more and more as the salt water erodes their roots.

Some islanders are having food relief brought in by boat but subsist on a diet of fish and coconut in between deliveries. Some live entirely on just fish and coconut if their island does not receive food subsidies.

Maldivian Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture Ibrahim Didi signs a document calling on all countries to cut down their carbon dioxide emissions ahead of a major U.N. climate change conference in December in Copenhagen, in Girifushi, Maldives, Saturday, Oct. 17, 2009. Photo courtesy THE ASSOCIATED PRESS/Mohammed Seeneen.

In an effort to draw worldwide attention to their plight, the members of the Maldives’ cabinet put on wetsuits, took the plunge and using hand signals conducted their last meeting underwater.

President Mohammed Nasheed and 13 other government officials submerged and conducted the meeting on the sea floor - six metres below the surface of a lagoon off Girifushi.

"What we are trying to make people realize is that the Maldives is a frontline state. This is not merely an issue for the Maldives but for the world," Nasheed said. The Maldives are the lowest-lying country in the world.

Surrounded by coral and curious fish, bubbles floating around each participant, the president, vice-president, cabinet secretary and 11 ministers signed a document urging all countries to cut their carbon dioxide emissions.

At the UN climate change conference in December in Copenhagen, a successor to the Kyoto Protocol will be negotiated to cut the emission of greenhouse gases.

Wealthy nations want broad emissions cuts from all countries, while poorer ones say industrialized countries should carry most of the burden.

President Nasheed has already announced plans for a fund to buy a new homeland for his people if the 1,192 low-lying coral islands are submerged. If the Maldives survive, he has promised to make the islands, population 350,000, the world's first carbon-neutral nation within a decade.

"We have to get the message across by being more imaginative, more creative and so this is what we are doing," he said in an interview on a boat en route to the dive site.

While the President is a certified diver, the other attendees had to take diving lessons before the meeting.

Halloween Safety for Your Pet

Photo courtesy IreneS on Flickr.

My favourite holiday of the year is nearly here again. While Halloween is not what it was when I was a child - back then parents didn't have to worry about their children and we could eat those wonderful homemade treats that ended up in our bags - it is still a fun evening. However, Halloween may be as much fun for our animal companions.

Photo courtesy Dynamick.

Ways to Keep Your Pets Safe (precautions should be taken for several days on each side of Halloween)

1. Keep cats in and take dogs out on lease only. Cats should be kept indoors at all costs as well as off balconies. Even if the balcony is too high for a firecracker to be thrown onto it, the noise may be traumatic for the pet. Unfortunately, there are many people out there who think it's funny to either terrorize or harm a helpless animal. Be especially alert if your cat is black. If you are giving kittens away, wait until after Halloween. Keep your dogs on leases. The noise and smell of the activities and firecrackers could frighten a dog causing it to run away and become lost. If you do take your dog outside, make sure your pet is wearing proper identification (your phone number is a bare minimum).

2. Do not allow the pets any candy of any kind. Not only is chocolate deadly to dogs, cats and ferrets; but, certain types of sweeteners can either kill or cause severe health issues for them. Even small amounts of some sweeteners can cause a sudden drop in blood sugar,lead to depression, lack of coordination and seizures. Symptoms of chocolate ingestion can include vomiting; diarrhea; hyperactivity; increased thirst, urination and heart rate; seizures; and, possible death.

3. Take care when disposing of candy wrappers. Both dogs, cats and ferrets love to play with things they can bat around. Candy wrappers fit the bill perfectly; but, cats, in particular, also love to taste (and/or eat) strange things. If ingested, the wrappers can cause damage to the intestinal tract; or, even block the tract and cause death if not treated by a vet.

4. Be careful with Halloween decorations. Again, pets love to play and/or ingest things. The cobwebbing used at this time of year can cause problems or death if ingested. Lighted candles can be knocked over during Halloween play or possibly set the pet on fire under the correct circumstances. Great care should be taken when using these decorations. If you are a bird owner, remember that your feathered friend can become entangled in cobwebbing or land on a hot candle holder and burn its feet.

5. Be careful if you dress up your pet. Check to make sure there is ample room in the outfit for the pet to move and breathe freely. Be on the lookout for choking hazards or pieces that could be ingested. Also ensure that your pet will not trip when running while in outfit.

6. Even though your pets may be at home, make sure they are wearing identification. With all the comings and goings at the door, all the noise and excitement, a pet can easily slip out when frightened and id is what get them home most of the time. Lost pets without id can (and do) end up at the SPCA, pound or shelter.

Happy Halloween to you and your pets!! May you enjoy it as much as I do.

Controlling Climate Change Through Managed Livestock Grazing

Friends: The following blog is my contribution to "Blog Action Day". The badge is on the right-hand side if you want to click for more information. Blog action day is intended to raise awareness of climate change.

Less than a week ago, I wrote a blog showing how global warming and climate change can be reversed through re-introduction of traditional farming methods. While using organically-composted materials to revitalize the soil instead of drowning it in synthetically-produced fertilizers makes sense to all, the thought of managed livestock grazing may be a harder sell. Hopefully, it will become an accepted tool in the battle to reverse climate change.

Land restored by managed livestock grazing. Photo courtesy Soil Carbon Australia.

When most people think of cattle pastures, they think of grass cropped to the roots or pulled out of the soil altogether; dry, lifeless soil lying exposed in bare patches; soil erosion; and, large masses of organic matter left strewn around the pasture.

This is definitely the result of uncontrolled overgrazing with no respect for the land. Livestock needs to eat like any other being on the planet; and, if left unmanaged, they will literally eat grassland to death.

However; when livestock, cattle in particular, are managed properly and the land treated in a respectful natural manner, the soil can be replenished and new life brought back to a region that has been previously decimated.

The land on the right side of the river is being cared for with holistic management and controlled grazing. The left side is not. Photo courtesy: Holistic Management International.

A report put out by Soil Carbon Australia shows the radical differences that can be made not only to the quality of soil and the amount of plant and animal that area can now support; but, how easy it is to incorporate carbon into the soil reducing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.

Healthy grasslands actually store more carbon than trees. Grasses remove huge amounts of carbon from the atmosphere; and, once captured this carbon is stored in a massive, deep-reaching root system that lives longer than many trees.

Tony Lovell, one of the authors of the report, tells me that “just a 1% change in soil organic matter across just one-quarter of the World’s land area could sequester 300 billion tones of physical CO2.”

Christine Jones, Founder Australian Soil Carbon Accreditation says:

"The fabulous thing about sequestering carbon in grasslands is that you can keep on doing it forever – you can keep building soil on soil on soil... perennial grasses can outlive their owners; they're longer-lived than a lot of trees, so the carbon sequestration is more permanent than it is in trees: the carbon's not going to re-cycle back into the atmosphere if we maintain that soil management... and there's no limit to how much soil you can build... for example, we would only have to improve the stored carbon percentage by one percent on the 415 million hectares (1,025,487,333 acres) of agricultural soil in Australia and we could sequester all of the planet's legacy load of carbon. It's quite a stunning figure."

Photo courtesy: Holistic Management International.

Domestic animals are managed in ways that mimic nature: animals are concentrated and moved in a natural rotation that causes the animals to till packed soil with their hooves; dig bits of dry grass into the ground to compost and build a healthier soil base; distribute fertilizer and seed in their manure and urine; and then move to another pasture before overgrazing occurs.

There is an old saying - Everything old becomes new again. It would appear that returning to our agricultural roots will save us in the end. When we return to a time when we worked in harmony with nature instead of trying to bend her to our will, we will all benefit AND we will be able to feed all our world's inhabitants with fresh, wholesome food.

So, if you can't pronounce it - don't eat it. If it isn't grown naturally - don't buy it.

Ways we can help locally:

1. Buy locally grown organic produce and grassfed meat & dairy.
2. If carbon credits are available in your area, you could buy them for all your personal fuel emissions.
3. Money talks LOUDLY. Invest in products that conserve resources and are environmentally friendly. (water conserving appliances, on-demand water heaters, photovoltaic, etc.)
4. Support low-tech solutions for getting carbon out of the air and high-tech solutions for keeping new carbon from getting in the air.
5. Reduce your ecological footprint. Learn how at: www.ecologicalfootprint.org
6. Increase your ecological literacy. Live more in tune with nature so we may all be healthier for the short time we have here.

In this video Colorado rancher Corwin Brown and Ecologist Renee Rondeau talk about how well managed cattle grazing plays a critical role in improving and protecting habitat for wildlife.

Flies Spotted on Mount Everest

Dawa Steven Sherpa is one of WWF climate witness in Nepal. Photograph: WWF

Dawa Steven Sherpa, WWF (World Wildlife Federation) climate witness in Nepal, wrote this report in 2008. Since that time, things have only gotten worse.

Earlier in 2009, he and his companions were resting at the Everest base camp when they heard something buzzing. “What the heck is that?” Dawa asked. He and his companions looked for the source of the noise and found a big, black house fly. Just a few years ago, this sight would have been impossible because no insect would have been able to survive at 5,360 metres (2.27 miles).

"It's happened twice this year - the Himalayas are warming up and changing fast," says Dawa. Dawa only took up climbing seriously in 2006; but, in a few years has managed to climb his way to success. He has climbed Everest twice as well as two 8,000 meter (4.97 miles) peaks in Tibet.

"What I do is climb. It's a family business. And what we see is the Himalayan glaciers melting. It's not a seasonal thing any more. It's rapid. It's so apparent.

"Look at the walls and slopes of the Khumbu glacier [which flows 1.5 miles down from an icefall on the southern flanks of Everest]. You can see a clear line where the black rock becomes white. That's where it's been exposed to the sun. That means metres of thick ice have melted in just a few decades," he says.

Dawa comes from a royal lineage in the climbing world. He was born in Khumjung, a village 12 miles from Everest laying 3,500 meters (2.17 miles) above sea level. His father used to climb with British mountaineer Chris Bonnington; while, his grandfather, a yak trader, toured the world with Mt. Everest’s first summiteer, Sir Edmund Hillary.

The village of Khumjung. The monastery in this village has for years kept a yeti scalp locked in a glass box. Recently, scientists convinced the monks to part with a tiny sample and had it analyzed. It is not the scalp of a yeti. Photo courtesy Wikipedia

Dawa’s family, going back three generations, can testify to the major climate changes taking place today.

"Grandfather used to take yaks to a place called Gokio which was on the other side of the Ngozumba glacier, Nepal's longest. He could walk them over the ice but now it's just not there – it's a stony wasteland. The whole thing has melted," he says.

He continues his story by recounting some of the physical changes he has seen and the effects these changes are having on local communities.

"The permanent ice above our village now melts at about 5,500 meters (3.42 miles); but, it used to be 3,750 metres (2.33 miles). Our village is seeing prolonged droughts. They used to last a few months. Now we can go seven months without rain. We have less water now and erratic weather patterns.

"The young girls must now walk two hours to fetch water. Tourism, too, is being hit because villages like Khumjung, which used to have a lot of water for trekkers now don't have it. The villagers lose their business. All the Himalayan glaciers are melting, an average of 10-20m a year," he says.

Again, global warming is effecting the water supply of villages causing children, usually young girls, to have to walk farther and farther away to bring water for home use.

One of the most obvious and potentially dangerous changes is the growth of what has become known as “glacial lake outburst floods” (glofs).

Dawa explains: "A glof happens when a glacial lake is created by a melting glacier and it then bursts. Imja Lake is the most dramatic example of a potential one. It is growing 74m a year. When it bursts its banks, we will have a mountain tsunami. Billions of gallons of water will be released and it could wipe out about 70% of the trekking trail to Everest base camp. Not only will that destroy our homes and potentially kill people, but it will wipe out the jewel in the crown of Nepal's tourism industry."

Last year a very small lake at the edge of the Khumbu glacier burst and it washed away four bridges on a track up to Everest base camp.

"Apa says there was running water on the surface of the South col [a saddle at 7,920m between Everest and Lhotse Mountain] this year," says Dawa.

"Also the summit is getting smaller. You used to be able to get 50 people on the ridge to it. Now there's room for 18 people at most. The cornice is breaking off. A big crevasse is opening. It never used to exist. It seems nothing is safe anymore."

Dawa has a degree in business management from Heriot-Watt University in Scotland and he speaks five languages. He is a WWF ambassador on climate change and runs major expeditions into the Himalayas, climbing with his friend Apa Sherpa, who has climbed Everest 19 times - the world record.

The World's First Known Mainly Vegetarian Spider

The tiny Bagheera kiplingi is somewhat of an oddity in the insect world. This pinky-size spider is the only known spider to have a mainly vegetarian diet.

The spider, found in Central America, is the only species out of approximately 40,000 that is not strictly a predator. They live their lives on acacia plants nibbling the tender young shoots; raising their young on the ends of old leaves where guard ants protecting their acacias from other herbivores don’t patrol; and, avoiding the ants that would run them off.

“This is really the first spider known to specifically 'hunt' plants; it is also the first known to go after plants as a primary food source," said study researcher Christopher Meehan of Villanova University in Pennsylvania.

This uneasy relationship between the spiders and the ants provide both with a reasonably comfortable lifestyle – the plant’s hollow spines provide a homestead and they are provided with acacia nectar and juicy leaf tips to sustain them.

Scientists have found a type of jumping spider (adult female, shown here) dines primarily on leaf-tips from an acacia plant (yellow-orange leaf held by spider). Credit: R. L. Curry.

Since B. kiplingi spends its entire life on the acacia shrubs, they must avoid the ants at all times. When hunting, they actively avoid the ants using a variety of tricks. One of which is to use their silk not for webs; but, as droplines or retreat ladders.

"Most of the big spider textbooks almost outright claimed there are no herbivorous spiders," Meehan told LiveScience. "It's on par with the flying pig in terms of novelty."

The vegetarian jumping spider, called Bagheera kiplingi, nests in acacia plants that are guarded by ants. Here, a female spider guards her nest from one such ant. Credit: R. L. Curry.

The plant-eating strategy seems to be successful. Direct observation, video recordings and chemical analyses of these spiders in Mexico and Costa Rica suggest the animals get most of their food from such plants.

In the Mexican population, about 90 percent of the spiders' diet came from plant tissue, with the rest made up of ant larvae, nectar and other items. In Costa Rica, the spiders got about 60 percent of their diet from acacia plant tissues.

Can flying pigs be far off?

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Enterprising Financially-Beleaguered Zoo Takes Action

A good play always has an understudy standing in the wings so if the star is unable to perform, the play can go on anyway with the understudy taking over the role.

Much the same thing has happened in Gaza City in the Gaza Strip. That area is recovering from the aftermath of the Israel-Hamas war. Unfortunately, the small zoo’s two zebras died due to starvation.

The Marah Land Zoo’s zebras were a popular attraction and are too expensive to replace; so, zookeepers got creative. A professional painter was hired and with the help of some French-manufactured hair dye, white donkeys became zebras.

The children who visit love the “zebras” because they can pet and ride them. They’re quite tame – almost like donkeys. The zoo has an aging tigress, two monkeys and a selection of birds, rabbits and cats on display.

Visit msnbc.com for Breaking News, World News, and News about the Economy

Via TreeHugger and MSNBC.

Americans Spend $300,000 Looking For Radioactive Jackrabbit Droppings

Photo courtesy coyotecanada.

Many people will view this search as a terrific waste of taxpayer money.

A helicopter was called in to search for slightly radioactive jackrabbit droppings at the Hanford nuclear site in Washington state.

Finding and removing the droppings would have been prohibitive and taken a ground crew many months. However, the helicopter completed the survey in just a few weeks. The helicopter was equipped with radiation detectors and worked from only 80 feet in the air.

According to OfficialWire:

"Nevada-based National Security Technologies received $300,000 in federal stimulus money sent to Hanford to do the helicopter survey."

There is no word yet on how much the total will be once the entire cleanup is finished. The radioactive rabbit feces and surrounding dirt scraped up by bulldozers will be shipped to Hanford, WA, to a radioactive fill.

How did this come to be?

Turns out several decades ago, someone made the decision to store plutonium liquid wastes in underground tanks. Jackrabbits burrowed into the dumps; and, strangely found the salty taste of plutonium to be quite intoxicating. These rabbits did what rabbits do, drank the waste, and; in due time, deposited that waste all around the area.

Wait, wait, it gets even better. Not only are there rabbits depositing radioactive feces over parts of Washington state in the US and contaminating the soil; but, they are also passing the radioactivity up the food chain. Red-tailed hawks, Ferruginous hawks, eagles, coyotes foxes, and bobcats call these rabbits food. They ingest the rabbits and become contaminated.

Let's hope this plan works.

Via OfficialWire and TreeHugger

Plumpy'nut - A Ready-To-Use Therapeutic Food

Earlier this year, I blogged very briefly about a new RUTF (ready-to-use therapeutic food). It was a peanut butter based paste enriched with micro-nutrients to help treat malnourished children in the third world. This paste has now emerged as Plumpy'nut and it is saving lives.

Millions of children around the world now owe their lives to this paste that is never advertised and is relatively unknown outside of disaster areas.

The sweet paste is a mix of peanut butter, vegetable oils, powdered milk, sugar, vitamins and minerals. It is the equivalent of royal jelly, acai berries and chocolate combined in a single-serving package that little hands can use themselves. It requires no mixing, no water, and no cooking – just open a corner of the package and squeeze contents into mouth.

Amazingly, all this life-saving nutrition costs just 85p ($1.40)

A story from the Guardian shows how radically Plumpy’nut is changing lives:

One month ago, says Jirma (a health worker), both Barwaco and Mohamed were at death's door. Their muscles were wasting, their hair was turning orange, and they were showing sure signs of marasmus, a type of malnutrition caused by a diet deficient in protein and carbohydrates. When Jirma first saw them he feared for their lives.

Now, with the Plumpy'nut provided by Irish charity Concern Worldwide, they have recovered nearly 10% of their body weight – the difference between life and death for a young child. In another week or two they will move on to a corn and soya blend flour and in two months they should have recovered completely.

Just 10 years ago, their chances of survival would have been slim unless they had been admitted with their mother to a specialized clinic. The severe malnutrition they have experienced may yet lead to stunting and possibly brain damage, but they will survive without ever knowing how close they came to death.

These are just two of the lives out of the 100 million that the UN (United Nations) estimates have been left hungry and malnourished this past year due to global recession, high food prices and worsening environmental disasters.

Land on the Kenya/Ethiopia border that should be full of crops and grazing livestock is now baked hard thanks to the third major drought Kenya has suffered in less than eight years.

In many families a typical day’s food consists of a breakfast of tea with no sugar. Lunch and dinner are combined into one meal in late afternoon consisting of thin gruel of maize flour with a few beans and a little salt. There will not be enough to stop anyone feeling hungry. There is definitely nothing like adequate nutrition present; and, what little food supplies are on hand will be gone in a matter of days.

The world is officially losing the battle to feed its people. There are more malnourished at this point in time than ever before in history. The UN says it expects 642 million people in Asia and 265 million in sub-Saharan Africa (over one billion people) will go hungry this year. A new World Bank report predicts a further 25 million children could be hungry by 2050. Notice that none of these reports mention the poorest of the poor in the more developed countries such as Canada, United States or European nations.

"A four-decade positive trend of nations pulling themselves out of hunger has been reversed," says Josette Sheeran, head of the UN's World Food Programme, which provides emergency food for more than 100 million of the most vulnerable people.

"Poor households all over the developing world are eating fewer and less nutritious meals, and many are cutting back on healthcare and schooling for children. Unless the world responds, we are in danger of losing a generation to hunger and malnutrition. We have the know-how, the tools and the technology to feed the world. Let history not say of our generation that we let the opportunity of ending hunger slip through our fingers."

"The situation here is not good," says Koki Kaylo, Concern's nutritionist in northern Kenya, on the frontline of the growing crisis.

"Acute malnutrition rates among children under five are over 20% in some areas – well above the 15% emergency threshold. We have seen 300 cases of severely malnourished children like Barwaco and Mohamed in just a few months. Normally you might expect to see only 200 in a year. The situation will certainly get far worse by February [when the next crops can be expected].

"People are eating nothing but maize porridge now. That's just carbohydrates and leads to oedema, water retention, swollen legs. It's the beginning of starvation. Here you mainly see the wasting of muscles. This is very common already."

Malnutrition is known to lead to stunting of growth, brain impairment, frailty, attention deficit disorder and worse. The situation is becoming ever more dire as time goes on. The World Food Programme is nearly $3 billion in donations and is having to close offices, cut operations, reduce staff and slash rations to millions of people who have no way of making up this food through any other means. Hungry people become even hungrier.

The UN has reduced its daily minimum caloric needs from 2,100 calories to 1,050. This is the absolute bare minimum for a healthy diet – something that many in the developing world don’t obtain. In case you’re wondering – 1,050 calories is approximately the equivalent of three tins of baked beans.

Fatima with two of her children and her entire food store: one sack of scrawny maize stalks that a neighbour gave her. Photograph: John Vidal.

Global warming, climate change and a global economic crisis have once again taken their toll on those who can least afford it.

UN food supplies very seldom get to everyone in need. Politics plays a major role in who gets aid and who doesn’t. In Mathare slum (the second largest slum in the country) in Nairobi, nearly 800,000 people live in desperate poverty in a maze of tin shacks. The chances of food being distributed in this slum by the government are practically nil.

Help is left to charities, churches and individuals. Magdaline Gitahe of the Redeemed Gospel says, "They have little idea of the size of the problem. There is far more hunger than there was just a year ago. Maize used to cost 40 shillings [34 pence {$0.58}] a pack last year; now it costs 200 [£1.70 {$2.83}]. Sugar was 50 [42p {0.80}]; now its 115 [98p {$1.80}].

"Bread milk, flour, salt – everything has gone up. People are cutting back on food every way they can. We take porridge without sugar, tea is no longer a priority, and instead of buying a big bag of sugar we buy little ones. Water has become very expensive. Last year the government gave out some food. This year we have had nothing. More and more hungry people are coming to us for the first time. Children are dropping out of school because they have empty stomachs. We cannot keep up," says Gitahe.

Food prices have nearly tripled; and, these people have no way of increasing their incomes (if they even have one). The lack of adequate nutrition creates health issues which are not only expensive (and probably unobtainable); but, it could cause any wage earners to lose those wages due to ill health and inability to continue working.

However, many lives are now being saved thanks to Plumpy’nut. The clinics give these packages to mothers who are able to take them home. This eliminates the need for the mothers to stay at the clinic with the child while they are being treated; and, the packages nourish the adults as well.

Via Guardian

A Plumpy'nut video:



A documentary regarding Plumpy'nut:

Could Organic Farming Change Global Warming?

Over a year ago, I wrote a blog called "Is Organic Food Really Worth More Money" in which I touched on the destruction synthetic fertilizers and modern-day farming methods are having on our ecosystems worldwide. Now, it is becoming more acceptable that farming return to the old methods in an effort to turn the tide of global warming.

Organic soils such as those seen here could sequester 40% of global carbon emissions. Image source: Rodale Institute stock.

The scales of sustainability are definitely tipping toward the decline. The recommended safe level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that we ourselves have set is 350 ppm (parts per million); and, today our atmosphere has carbon dioxide levels of 386 ppm.

Ooops! Looks like we might have finally gone too far this time.

However, there may be an answer with a retro twist – organic farming. After all, before the invention of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers, all farming was organic farming. There was no other choice.

According to a report by Tim J. LaSalle, Ph.D., CEO and Paul Hepperly, Ph.D., Director of Research and Fulbright Scholar of Rodale Institute “organic farming could pull forty percent of global greenhouse gas emissions out of the atmosphere -- each year”.

Soil samples managed organically, on left, and chemically, on right.

The US Senate’s climate bill has set a cap on the greenhouse gas emissions Americans and their businesses can emit; and, have started a rewards program for the people and organizations that reduce their impact on the climate system.

As the bill stands now farmers are not neither allowed carbon credits nor given a cap on the amount of greenhouse gases that they can emit. This makes no sense since farmers can store atmospheric carbon dioxide in their soil as soil organic carbon which is carbon-credit worthy; but, they should also have a cap on the amount of greenhouse gases they can emit since agriculture is responsible for 15% of the US yearly emissions.

So how does agriculture account for 15% of yearly emissions? These gases are mainly produced when chemical companies burn fossil fuels to produce synthetic fertilizers and when distribution companies fly food around the globe.

The agriculture of the future will have to be climate friendly if we want any hope of being able to feed the world's inhabitants. The future farmers will have to use organic, regenerative, local, and biodynamic techniques which don’t produce greenhouse gases at the rate they do now.

The futuristic techniques they intend to employ are advanced crop rotations, allowing fields to lay fallow, intercropping, soil amendments and animal grazing are simply the techniques employed by farmers of the past when we lived in much closer harmony with the land.

Healthier soils stand up to the variations of wet and dry weather better than the chemically-laden soils we have built and depend on today. This is one reason why farmers should get credits based on the measured amounts of carbon they manage to sequester in the soil. It will encourage farmers to work to increase soil carbon rather than be limited by a specific, restricting law.

Rewarding farmers for measured carbon sequestration will not only encourage them to use techniques that hold carbon in the soil; but, soil rich in carbon holds water better, resists erosion and builds increased resiliency for an uncertain climate. It is expected that organic farming could pull 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions out of the atmosphere -- each year.

Not surprisingly to me, healthy soils perform better and actually mean more food for a growing global population. Reducing or stopping climate change and increasing the world’s food supply works for me!

Via TreeHugger